Eight pillars have been identified by the European Commission to promote open science: FAIR Data, Research Integrity, Next Generation Metrics, Future of Scholarly Communication, Citizen Science, Education and Skills, Rewards and Incentives, and the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).
1. FAIR Data
FAIR principles mean that data produced by researchers are:
2. Research Integrity
Research should adhere to commonly agreed standards of honesty, respect, transparency, and accountability. The University of Milan is committed to maintaining the highest standards of research integrity.
3. Next Generation Metrics
This pillar of Open Science acknowledges cultural change in progress with respect to the use of bibliometric indicators and their use in assessing research quality, going beyond a simple citation count and impact factor.
Appropriate metrics, deriving from different sources and describing different aspects can help us better describe and understand the impact and importance of a study.
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4. Future of Scholarly Communication
This pillar is one of the most complex because the paths to full accessibility of research are many and varied.
5. Citizen Science
This pillar regards the interaction between researchers and the public in research projects, acknowledging the invaluable role played by the public in providing new research stimuli.
6. Education and Skills
Scientific communication is undergoing transformation and institutions should provide researchers and students with ongoing training.
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7. Rewards and Incentives
If Open Science is to be valued, its practices must be recognized by academic departments and policy makers to promote broad sharing of best practices.
The eight pillars of Open Science
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