For references to audiovisual media, you must provide a description in square brackets following the title.
Examples: [Painting], [Film], [PowerPoint slides], [Status update], etc.
The following examples show how to cite common audiovisual works in APA style. For more information and examples, see the APA Manual, sections 10.12 to 10.14; and the APA Style website.
Mangold, J. (Director). (1999). Girl, interrupted [Film]. Columbia Pictures.
Note: If you watched a particular version of the film, you may specify that as part of the format. E.g., [Film; three-disc special edition].
CBN News. (2015, August 24). Slowing down Alzheimer’s one exercise at a time [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTYYAgcqLjE
Note: For retrieval purposes, the uploader is considered the author even if they did not create the work.
Shelton, L. (Director), Schur, M. (Writer), & Law, A. (Writer). (2017, September 21). What’s my motivation (Season 1, Episode 11) [TV series episode]. In M. Schur, D. Miner, M. Sackett, & D. Goddard, (Executive Producers), The good place. Fremulon; 3 Arts Entertainment; Universal Television.
Ward, A. (Host). (2020, August 18). Kalology (beauty standards) with Renee Engeln (No. 47) [Audio podcast episode]. In Ologies. https://omny.fm/shows/ologies-with-alie-ward/kalology-beauty-standards-with-renee-engeln
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (n.d.). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear [diagram]. OrthoInfo. Retrieved April 16, 2021, from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/globalassets/figures/a00325f04_resize.jpg
Note: If the image has no author, start the reference with the title. If no title is provided, include only a description of the content in square brackets (e.g., [Diagram of ACL tear]). See the Clip Art or Stock Image References page on the APA Style website for examples of how to cite images from websites like iStock, Pixabay, Flickr, etc.
Kahlo, F. (1940). Self-portrait with cropped hair [Oil on canvas]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78333
City of Edmonton. (n.d.). Trees map [Map of trees in Edmonton]. Retrieved July 31, 2025, from https://data.edmonton.ca/Environmental-Services/Trees-Map/udbt-eiax
Dicaire, A. (2016). Old growth forest: Vancouver Island [Infographic]. Canadian Geographic. https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/infographic-exploring-layers-ancient-sitka-spruce
Jones, S. (2025, February 24). An introduction to the limbic system [PowerPoint Slides]. Canvas. https://canvas.ualberta.ca
Note: If the slides or notes are on a site that requires a login (e.g., Canvas), provide a URL to the login page. If not, provide a URL directly to the slides or notes.